“What Occurs During Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)?
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, or HBOT, involves exposing patients to increased atmospheric pressure, allowing a higher concentration of oxygen to dissolve in the blood plasma. Normally, the blood contains approximately 3% oxygen, but during hyperbaric therapy, this level rises to around 97%. This heightened oxygen concentration enables oxygen to penetrate tissues up to 400% deeper than under regular conditions, facilitating the healing of tissues that would otherwise struggle to achieve such oxygen saturation.
In many neurological conditions, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, particularly in the final stages of heme production. Mitochondria play a crucial role in metabolism, with cytochrome oxidase being particularly important in converting oxygen into energy (ATP). Studies have shown significant improvements in mitochondrial function following HBOT (Dave et al., 2003 Neuroscience 120; 113-20). Additionally, it has been observed to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of rats, indicating its potential importance in preserving neuronal viability after brain injuries (Gutsaeva et al., 2006 Neuroscience 137: 493-504).
One of the most exciting aspects of HBOT is its ability to mobilize stem cells. In human studies, HBOT at 2.0 atmospheres and 100% oxygen for two hours per treatment over 20 sessions increased the number of circulating stem cells in the blood by a remarkable 800% (Thom et al., 2006 Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: 1378-86). This is of paramount significance since stem cells play a pivotal role in tissue healing and overall tissue health.
Another remarkable effect of HBOT is its ability to reduce inflammation. Inflammation is detrimental to the human body as it impedes the extraction of oxygen from the blood into the tissues, limiting healing and normal metabolic processes (Harrison et al., 1994 Adv Exp Med Biol 345: 789-96). Therefore, HBOT is particularly effective in promoting tissue healing for individuals with chronic and challenging-to-treat conditions, spanning from back pain and brain injuries to Lyme’s disease.
HBOT has garnered substantial research support for its efficacy in treating a wide spectrum of neurological conditions, including autism. Studies have shown changes in regional blood flow and function within the cortices of individuals with autism, typically observed after approximately 40 treatment sessions. Two independent studies have described bilateral temporal lobe hypoperfusion in autistic children (Gendry Meresse et al., 2005 Ann Neurol 58:466-69) (Wilcox et al., 2002 Neuropsychobiology 46(1):13-6).
Most research suggests that HBOT at pressures of 1.3-1.5 atmospheres is most effective for neurological conditions. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as traumatic brain injury (closed head trauma), post-concussion syndrome, other brain injuries, stroke, peripheral neurological conditions, autoimmune disorders (e.g., Lyme’s disease), developmental disorders (including autism spectrum disorders), musculoskeletal conditions (chronic pain), multiple sclerosis, headaches, migraines, Alzheimer’s disease, digestive disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease), movement disorders (Parkinsonian type), and overall brain wellness for various unspecified conditions prevalent in our society.
It is essential to note that these treatments are considered off-label, as HBOT is only FDA-approved for specific conditions, none of which were listed above.